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  • - Accessibility and Maintenance Drainage systems should be accessible for maintenance purposes. Covers that are easy to remove and replace will ensure that any necessary upkeep can be carried out efficiently.


  • If an FRP manhole cover passes the same load test as cast iron, it, therefore, has the same load capacity as a conventional cast iron cover.

  • Fig.2.
  • Conclusion


  • Because of their aerodynamic design, some modern racing cars create enough vacuum to lift a manhole cover off its recess. During races on city streets, manhole covers must therefore be welded or locked down to prevent injury. In 1990, during the Group C World Sportscar Championship race at Circuit Gilles Villeneuve (located in a public park in Montreal, Quebec), a Brun Motorsport Porsche 962 struck a manhole cover that was lifted by the ground effect of the car he was following, a Courage C24 Porsche. This caused the trailing Porsche to catch fire, and safety issues ended the race shortly afterwards.[citation needed]

  • In today's fast-paced world, the issue of outdoor garbage has become increasingly prevalent, impacting not only urban landscapes but also rural areas and natural environments. As populations grow and consumerism rises, the amount of waste generated outdoors continues to soar, raising significant concerns about public health, environmental integrity, and aesthetic beauty.


  • 1. Body Usually made of durable materials such as carbon steel, stainless steel, or ductile iron, the body provides the structural integrity necessary to withstand various pressures and temperatures.