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  • We apply titanium dioxide to our skin through sunscreens, makeup, lip balms, nail polish, and other cosmetic products. 

  • Introduction

  • In a study published in the journal Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology in 2020, researchers examined the effects of food additives titanium dioxide and silica on the intestinal tract by grouping and feeding mice three different food-grade particles — micro-TiO2, nano-TiO2, and nano-SiO2.  With all three groups, researchers observed changes in the gut microbiota, particularly mucus-associated bacteria. Furthermore, all three groups experienced inflammatory damage to the intestine, but the nano-TiO2 displayed the most pronounced changes. The researchers wrote: “Our results suggest that the toxic effects on the intestine were due to reduced intestinal mucus barrier function and an increase in metabolite lipopolysaccharides which activated the expression of inflammatory factors downstream. In mice exposed to nano-TiO2, the intestinal PKC/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway was activated. These findings will raise awareness of toxicities associated with the use of food-grade TiO2 and SiO2.”

  • Key benefits for stakeholders

  • 5. Huntsman Corporation This American company is known for its high-quality TIO2 pigments, which are used in various applications such as paints, plastics, and cosmetics.
  • The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has listed titanium dioxide as a Group 2B carcinogen — an agent that may be carcinogenic but lacks sufficient animal and human research. This has caused concern for its safety in food products (1112).

  • Prof. Matthew Wright, chair of EFSA’s working group on E171, noted: “Although the evidence for general toxic effects was not conclusive, on the basis of the new data and strengthened methods we could not rule out a concern for genotoxicity and consequently we could not establish a safe level for daily intake of the food additive.”

  • There are two primary forms of titanium dioxide commercially available: anatase and rutile. The rutile form is typically used in sunscreens due to its superior ability to handle UV rays and stability in the presence of UV light. The anatase form is typically used in other types of products, such as paint. Another plus of the rutile form is that its UVA protection extends past 400 nanometers, which is the upper limit of UVA.

  • In conclusion, China is a major player in the global TiO2 market, especially in the production of TiO2 for masterbatch and plastic use. With its advanced technology, abundant resources, and commitment to sustainability, China's TiO2 industry is well-positioned to meet the growing demand for high-quality pigments in the global market.
  • 13. Jiangxi Tio2 Co., Ltd. A Chinese company that specializes in producing high-quality TIO2 pigments for use in various applications.
  • The primary use of lithopone is in the paint industry, where it is utilized as a pigment to provide opacity and brightness to paint formulations. It is ideal for both interior and exterior paints due to its durability and lightfastness. Additionally, lithopone is also employed in the production of rubber products, where it helps improve the tensile strength and aging resistance of rubber compounds.
  • No. EFSA’s role was limited to evaluating the risks linked to titanium dioxide as a food additive. This included an assessment of relevant scientific information on TiO2, its potential toxicity, and estimates of human dietary exposure. Any legislative or regulatory decisions on the authorisations of food additives are the responsibility of the risk managers (i.e. European Commission and Member States).

  • The Resurgence of Lithopone Manufacturing
  • In conclusion, Ponceau 4R and titanium dioxide are two valuable ingredients in the cosmetics industry, offering versatility, stability, effectiveness, and safety. By understanding their properties and benefits, manufacturers can make informed decisions when formulating their products. With proper sourcing and handling, these ingredients can help create high-quality cosmetic products that meet the needs and expectations of consumers.
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  • Furthermore, the global titanium dioxide market dynamics are influenced by China's export policies and fluctuations in raw material prices. Any disruptions or changes in these factors can have a ripple effect on the global supply chain, impacting industries reliant on TiO2.
  • Titanium dioxide suppliers play a pivotal role in the supply chain, ensuring a consistent and reliable source of this essential material. They source TiO2 from mines rich in titanium-bearing minerals, primarily ilmenite and rutile, and then process it through various refining techniques, including the sulfate and chloride processes. The end product is a high-purity white pigment that finds applications across numerous sectors.